Beginnings+of+the+Republic

Terms to know:  Inaugurate – to be sworn in as president  Cabinet –departments to help the president  Tariff – tax on imported goods  Neutral – not siding with one country or the other  Foreign policy – relations with the governments of other countries  States’ rights – theory led by Jefferson and Madison that states had the right to judge when the federal government had passed an unconstitutional law

 U.S. starts in debt –$52 million  Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Washington’s cabinet-
 * 1) pay off all war debts (France, Netherlands, Spain)
 * 2) raise government revenues
 * 3) create a national bank

 Secretary of War  Secretary of State  Secretary of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton  Attorney General  There are now about 17 members of the cabinet.

 Supreme Court – 1789 Federal Judiciary Act  Gave S.C. 6 members - Chief Justice and five associates <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Now: 9

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> First political parties: <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Federalists - believed in a strong national government <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Democratic-Republicans - wanted limited national government <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">President Washington did not like political parties, thought they would divide the country.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> __Whiskey Rebellion__ – W PA <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Farmers staged rebellion against tax on whiskey <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Washington sent the army to squash rebellion. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Gave Federal Govt. more clout

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> __Battle of Fallen Timbers__ <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Washington believed peace = prosperity <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> British still held forts N of the Ohio River – violation of Treaty of Paris <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Washington sent troops to Ohio valley <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Natives against US <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> NW Territory – US defeated Shawnee, Ottawa and Chippewa (2,000 in all) – British didn’t help natives <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Site covered in trees that had fallen during a storm <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> 12 tribes signed Treaty of Greenville – 1795 <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> They agreed to cede (surrender) much of present-day Ohio and Indiana to the US government.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> French Revolution – 1789 <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> US remained neutral <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> French began seizing US ships (300 in 1797) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Ambassadors offered a bribe by French Agents (later known as XY and Z) <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Give France 10 million and pay minister a bribe of $250,000 <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Known XYZ Affair <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> US said no, put more money into defense

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> 1796 - John Adams elected. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Alien and Sedition Acts targeted aliens. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Said you had to live in US for 14 years before coming a citizen. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Outlawed saying or writing anything harmful about the government. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Democratic-Republicans did not like this. Said it went against the Constitution. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Theory of states rights was developed - states had the right to judge when the federal govt. had passed an <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> unconstitutional law.