The+Road+to+the+Civil+War

__ Growing Tensions  __

Growing Tensions Between N & S N- developed industry and commerce S – economy relied on plantation farming

** 1846 ** **__ Wilmot Proviso __** Outlaw slavery in any territory the US might acquire from the war with MX Slave owners can’t take their slaves into free territory. Never became law…but led to the creation of a political party: The Free-Soil Party. a political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery.

1849 – Pres. Taylor let CA to submit 4 statehood/ bypassed being a territory

S. slave holders didn’t have time to move to CA w/ slaves

**Compromise of 1850** – Henry Clay To make the North happy - CA came in as a free state and the slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. To make the South happy - congress said they would make stricter laws regarding runaway slaves.

which led to the... 1850 - Fugitive Slave Act

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Ppl accused of being fugitives could be held w/out an arrest warrant.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Southerners considered slaves to be property. The law required N. to help recapture runaway slaves. People could be fined or jailed who helped fugitives escape.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">// 1852 - Uncle Tom’s Cabin – // told details abt. Being a slave. Convinced lots of people slavery=bad

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">** 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act **

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Popular sovereignty – allowed residents of territories to decide for themselves whether to have slavery or not

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Proslavery and antislavery settlers rushed into Kansas Territory to vote for the territorial legislature.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">5,000 Missourians came and voted in the election illegally.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">1855 (went on for three years) "Bleeding Kansas" <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Fights broke out… over slavery.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">** 1856 - Caning of Sumner ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Senator Sumner of MA delivered a speech attacking the proslavery forces in KS. He made fun of AP Butler a senator from SC. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Butler's relative (Preston Brooks) attacked Sumner with a cane, hitting more than 30 times, breaking his cane in the assault.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">** 1857 ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">**__ Dred Scott v. Sandford __**

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Dred Scott was a slave who was taken to free territory by his master. When his master died, he sued for his freedom. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Supreme Court ruled slaves were property and had no rights. They were not citizens of the U.S.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">** 1859 - attack on Harpers Ferry ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">John Brown - extreme abolitionist <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">planned to capture weapons in the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA. John Brown + 18 followers <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Wanted to inspire slaves to fight for their freedom <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Killed 4 people in the raid. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Captured along with 6 others. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Hung for murder and treason.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Republican party formed with opponents of slavery

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Many blamed the violence in KS on the Democrats.

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">1858 - Lincoln and Douglas Debate <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Lincoln challenged Douglas for his Senate seat. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">L. argued only that slavery should not be expanded. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">D. argued that popular sovereignty was the best way to address the issue. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Douglas won reelection- Lincoln won national recognition

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">** Election of 1860 - Lincoln won. ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">secede - withdraw <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">12/20, **1860** - S.C. became the first state to secede from the Union <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">During the next 6 wks. MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX joined SC. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Early Feb. 1861 the Confederate States of America formed - Jefferson Davis - president.